UNIT 3
Basic Sentence Structure
There
are five basic patterns around which most English sentences are built. They are as follows:
S-V
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Subject-Verb
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John
sleeps.
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Jill is
eating.
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Jack
will arrive.
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S-V-O
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Subject-Verb-Object
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I like
rice.
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She
loves her job.
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He's
eating an orange.
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S-V-Adj
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Subject-Verb-Adjective
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He is
funny.
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The
workers are lazy.
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Karen
seems angry.
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S-V-Adv
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Subject-Verb-Adverb
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Jim is
here.
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Flowers
are everywhere.
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No one
was there.
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S-V-N
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Subject-Verb-Noun
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She is
my mom.
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The men
are doctors.
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Mr.
Jones is the teacher.
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============================================
At the heart of every English
sentence is the Subject-Verb relationship. Other elements can be added to make
a sentence more interesting, but they are not essential to its formation.
The
following sentences are examples of the S-V pattern.
She
sleeps.
|
|
Core
sentence
|
She
sleeps soundly.
|
|
An
adverb is added to describe how she sleeps.
|
She
sleeps on the sofa.
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A
prepositional phrase is added to tell where she sleeps.
|
She
sleeps every afternoon
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A time expression
is added to tell when she sleeps.
|
She is
sleeping right now.
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|
Verb
tense is changed, but S-V relationship remains the same.
|
Mary
will sleep later.
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|
Subject
is named and another tense is used.
|
The dogs
are sleeping in the garage.
|
|
New subject
may require a different form of the verb.
|
Note: Any action verb can be used with
this sentence pattern.
================================================
The
following sentences are examples of the S-V-O pattern.
They
like rice.
|
|
Core
sentence
|
The
people like rice.
|
|
Specific
subject
|
The
friendly people like rice.
|
|
Subject
modified with an adjective
|
The
people in the restaurant like rice.
|
|
Subject
modified with an adjective
|
The
people like boiled rice.
|
|
Object
modified with an adjective
|
The
people like hot, white rice.
|
|
Object
modified with more than one adjective
|
Note:
Only transitive action verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.
The
following sentences are examples of the S-V-Adj pattern.
He is
fine.
|
|
Basic
sentence with "be" verb
|
He seems
happy.
|
|
Basic
sentence with another linking verb
|
Jordan
is tall, dark and handsome.
|
|
Series
of adjectives
|
He
appears very comfortable.
|
|
Adverb
or intensifier added
|
George
became sick last night.
|
|
Different
tense and linking verb
|
Note: Only linking verbs can be used with
this sentence pattern.
The
following sentences are examples of the S-V-Adv pattern.
The
teacher is here.
|
|
Basic
sentence
|
The
teacher is over there.
|
|
Using an
adverb phrase
|
Teachers
are everywhere.
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|
Plural noun
and verb used
|
The
teachers are in the lobby.
|
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Prepositional
phrase functioning as adverb
|
Note:
Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.
The
following sentences are examples of the S-V-N pattern.
The man
is a doctor.
|
|
Basic sentence
|
The
women are doctors.
|
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Using
plural noun and verb
|
My
father is a nice guy.
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|
Modified
subject and complement
|
My
grandparents are senior citizens.
|
|
Modified
plural subject and complement
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Note: Only linking verbs can be used with
this sentence pattern.
Exercise: Make at least 5 sentences for
each pattern of basic sentence structure.
1.
S V
2.
S V O
3.
S V Adj
4.
S V Adv
5. S V N
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